Does your Bottled Water Contain Pharmaceuticals and Nicotine?

Your drinking water may contain pharmaceuticals and their byproducts. It may also contain nicotine according to recent studies.

Think you are safe by drinking only bottled water? Think again. Even bottled water may contain these chemicals. Because many bottlers don’t have the filtration equipment to screen out these chemicals from the water.

Nicotine and drugs in bottled water

One study found that commercial bottled water in Spain can have over 50 active pharmaceutical chemicals in it, along with the highly addictive drug nicotine.

Is your (or your children’s) bottled water polluted with addictive chemicals?

It looks like it very well may be. Researchers from the School of Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology of Spain’s Rey Juan Carlos University analyzed ten brands of commercially available bottled waters.

The researchers were surprised to learn that the brands of bottled water contained 58 active pharmaceuticals, and five of the ten brands contained significant amounts of nicotine.

The nicotine content of these five brands ranged from 7 nanograms per liter to 15 ng/L. The researchers admitted that these levels were low. However, they added:

“Despite the low nicotine concentration measured, the presence of this compound in bottled water still raises concern. Health risk assessment researchers have postulated that the risk to adult healthy humans from oral intake of nicotine at low levels is negligible. However, no studies have been conducted to assess the human health risk of vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and newborns. This population is the target of advertising on the purity and quality characteristics of bottled mineral water.”

While this is the first study to document bottled waters containing these chemicals, there are other studies, even newer, confirming identifiable concentrations of nicotine, pharmaceuticals and pesticide chemicals in municipal drinking water supplies.

UK drinking waters tested

In the UK for example, the British Geological Survey analyzed and tested ground water and drinking water and also found nicotine along with caffeine and a variety of pharmaceuticals, such as carbamazepine and triclosan.

Many bottled waters are merely municipal tap water run through a filtration unit. These filtration systems are typically designed to remove macro-pollutants such as lead and arsenic. But they often do not filter out micro-pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and nicotine.

Studies finding pharmaceuticals in drinking water began to be published in the last decade. These were no fluke, however. And newer studies are confirming a growing problem among the world’s drinking water supplies.

For example, this year research from the Czech Republic’s Department of Water Hygiene at the National Institute of Public Health collected samples from 92 water supplies, feeding half of Czech population.

They found the highest levels of pharmaceuticals to be ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen, and diclofenac. These concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 20.7 nanograms per Liter.

Another recent study – from Serbia’s University of Novi Sad Medical School – found trace levels of several antibiotics among their drinking water supplies.

Most municipal water treatment facilities do not filter out pharmaceuticals or other microtoxins and their metabolites from pesticides and other chemicals.

Psychoactive drugs found in drinking water

Another 2012 study from Germany’s Free University Berlin found that the psychoactive drugs primidone and phenobarbital were found in drinking water supplies.

Oxazepam and others were found in wastewater streams – likely soon to be in the drinking water supplies.

Another study from Spain, this from the Pharmacy Department of the University of Valencia, found numerous pharmaceuticals among their ground water and drinking water supplies. They found that 94% of the sediment and 80% of farming soils were polluted with carbamazepine, acetaminophen and others.

They also found much of the drinking water supplies, pharmaceuticals were present at levels as high as 112 nanograms per liter. Soils contained less concentration, at 15 nanograms per liter.

The researchers pointed out high levels of fluoroquinolones and ibuprofen are threatening fish and otherwise contaminating the environment.

Meanwhile, last fall Polish researchers found the presence of beta-blockers and beta-agonists among their waterways.

Antibiotics found in drinking waters

Drinking water reservoirs located near livestock operations have been found to contain several types of antibiotics.

A 2016 study from China found 23 different antibiotics in the drinking waters on or near livestock operations. They also found three different beta-agonist drugs in the water.

Another 2016 study found 10 different antibiotics in several drinking water watersheds. These included sulfamethoxazole, cefuroxime, tinidazole, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin oxytetracycline, doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and sulfadiazine.

Waters are worse close to hospitals

Researchers from Australia’s University of Queensland studied waterways and water supplies close by hospitals. They found 57 different pharmaceuticals among these waterways, including many antibiotics – which entered into the system from hospitals and residential areas alike.

Researchers from the Netherlands found 12 pharmaceuticals in the drinking water supplies, as well as seven transformation products.

Swedish researchers tested four waterways in the Montreal region between 2007 and 2009. They found significant levels of caffeine and a number of pharmaceuticals drugs – including carbamazepine, naproxen, gemfibrozil, and trimethoprim. They also found progesterone, estrone, and estradiol, along with the herbicide triazine – with atrazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, simazine, and cyanazine.

Ground water sampling finds pharmaceuticals

Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey’s California Water Science Center analyzed ground water supplies – which feed numerous drinking water systems throughout California. They found pharmaceuticals affecting two to three percent of the 1231 ground water systems tested.

However, in this study only 14 pharmaceutical compounds were tested for, out of hundreds possible. And out of these 14 tested, seven were found in concentrations that were equal or greater to detection limits. These seven included acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazepine, the highly addictive codeine, the caffeine metabolite p-xanthine, and the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. The samples also contained various pesticides, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and others.

Also the research found that ground water supplies in the Los Angeles area were much more likely to contain pharmaceuticals, and contain higher levels of them.

And several brands of commercial bottled waters (and many other foods and beverages containing water) are packaged in the Los Angeles area.

 

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